The Powerful Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

The Powerful Adventures of Huckleberry Finn When Samuel Langhorne Clemens first published his story, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, he was criticized severely. On top of that, the book was banned from libraries and schools alike. The book was thought to be a bad influence on children because it represents the breaking of the law as moral, it recommends disobedience and defiance on the part of young people, it portrays churchgoers as hypocritical, and the most admirable characters in the book habitually lie and steal and loaf (Johnson XII). In this day and time, though, the book has become required reading for many schools, and is found in almost every library in the country. Why has there been a change in attitude†¦show more content†¦The cruel thing about it is that slaves were people and they were sold like cattle. This peculiar notion that one person can actually own another body and soul is supported not only by the law and government, but by the church and religion as well (Johnson 110). I do not be lieve it is a coincidence that Jim belongs to and is being sold down the river by the person in the novel who makes the greatest show of her religion, Miss Watson (Poirier 91). A reflection of the religious notions of the slaveholding society, which believes the Bible approves of slavery, is shown when Huck thinks he hears the voice of God-the plain hand of Providence-telling him he should return Miss Watsons property after they run away (Twain 208). In Chapter 12 of Huckleberry Finn, Huck and Jim come across a rapidly sinking ship occupied only by three dangerous thieves who are secretly plotting each others demise (Crowley 76). The ship, the Walter Scott, which eventually disappears beneath the waves, symbolizes the Old South in its dying years as being dominated by thugs, thieves, and killers. The noble men involved with a noble cause had died out and were no longer present (Johnson 177-178). This is the reason that one cannot find a noble Southern gentleman in the story. Twains satiric scorn of this failing society is directed particularly at what was called the code of honor, a pattern of conduct that incorporated both the love ofShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesJhonatan Zambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of theRead MoreHuckleberry Finn Persuasive Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pageslarge matter- ‘tis the difference between the lightning bug and lightning.†(Mark Twain). Mark Twain, the author of an extraordinary yet controversial novel; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn had a great way of capturing moments in time and bringing them to life through the use of meaningful and direct diction. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been a vexed novel for it s a use of the â€Å"N-word†. However, many scholars and associations have devised a â€Å"solution† for this problem such as, completelyRead More The Importance of Friendship in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn829 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Friendship in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Aristotle was once asked what he thought friendship was. His response was, One soul inhabiting two bodies. This was the kind of relationship that Huckleberry Finn and Jim shared in Mark Twains epic novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This novel is a tool that Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemmons, was using to impress the great benefits of friendship upon society. However, others feelRead MoreRacism of Yesterday and Today Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain in the middle of the nineteenth century. Much of the inspiration for the book came from Mark Twain’s own encounters. Twain’s experiences as a steamboat pilot from 1835 to 1845 provided a great deal of the historical context for his work. The novel revolves around a southern boy, Huck, and a slave named Jim who both reject society by running away in hopes of finding freedom. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn highlights and portrays t heRead MoreAnalysis of Literary Techniques For The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain982 Words   |  4 Pages In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, Twain paints a colorful portrait of his life growing up in the south. Originally intended to be just a â€Å"fun† narrative about his childhood, Twain’s novel evolved into something much greater by criticising slavery and advocating for the rights of african-americans. The themes that the book represents were revolutionary in their time, something only accomplished through the narratives of Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is aptly named due to it’s perspectivesRead MoreShould the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Be Required in Shcool?983 Words   |  4 PagesShould The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be required in school? Mark Twain’s â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† is said to be one of the greatest American novels to ever be written and is what all other pieces of American literature are based off of. The novel has been debated for over an entire century and will continue to be debated for much longer. Never the less, Huckleberry Finn teaches young students and adults the important life lessons. †The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark TwainRead MoreThe Use of the Word - Nigger - in Twains Novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1238 Words   |  5 Pagesfrequently but has now developed into one of the most derogatory and unfriendly things a person can say? Since 1884, when the book was first published, there has been much controversy regarding the use of the word â€Å"nigger† in the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. Many people all over the world, predominantly the African-American population, feel that the word demoralizes the Blacks, and feel that the novel should be strongly censored from society. Some say that the constant useRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1346 Words   |  6 Pages An in depth look at â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† Racism was an ever present evil that was prevelant during the 1830s and 1840s that lead to a multitude of wrongdoings against blacks. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about a young child name Huck and how he matures in a society teeming with racism. While on his adventure, he must learn to make tough, adult-like decisions. He travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave who later becomes one his his greatest friends. In MarkRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1648 Words   |  7 PagesLola Parsapour Mr. Ruddy AP Lang 3 September 2015 The Value in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain, developed into one of the most controversial books in America. The basis of this controversy can be summarized briefly for it was the use of racial slur and issues of slavery that caused tension in our society. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was banned for the first time one month after its publication. â€Å"â€Å"Not suitable for trash† was theRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s Works Made A Huge Impact On Readers And Literary Critics1288 Words   |  6 Pageshuge impact on American â€Å"freedom† on his writing, which is Huckleberry Finn. In a 2001 periodical with Sanford Pinsker about a review of Huckleberry Finn, Sanford Pinsker makes an analysis and interpretation of Mark Twain’s theme of Huckleberry Finn to builds discussion of the problem of freedom in America. In Twain s case, what he did that so upset the moral arbiters of Concord is boldly announced in the novel: â€Å"That book [The Ad ventures of Tom Sawyer], Huck tells us by way of introduction] was

The First Golden Age Of Television - 1278 Words

Sixth Response In the first golden age, there was no gold. In fact, there was no color, only black and white. The first golden age of television occurred in the nineteen-fifties and the gold was quite humble on the surface. Because the shows were about local police, cowboys and housewives. However, these wholesome programs acted like an awl, digging deep into the national psyche, bringing out something truly valuable and sought after by everyone. These shows exemplified the feelings of a nation and gave everyone a model to follow and a dream to chase. There are many who say that the turn of the century marked the second golden age of television. This carries into the present day, with television drama and streaming services allowing an†¦show more content†¦Bezzerides holds her own in a male dominated police force. Most of her early interactions with males puts her on top, dominating males at their own perceived games of strength, coldness and tact. Examples of this include an early meeting with her father where tells her father he failed her, engaging in casual sex and refusing to accept emotional advances from anyone. Later during the show, Bezzerides goes undercover at a sex party to find evidence towards who killed the corrupt city official. During the process of being groomed to enter, she is forced to ingest MDMA. A repressed childhood memory surfaces during advances by an older male. It is a bearded face of a man, who stayed at her father’s spiritual retreat when she was a child. This man called her pretty and lured in into his VW van to proceed to sexually abused her for two days in a cave. It is here that the Freudian personality themes emerge In Bezzerides interactions. Shortly after escaping the party, Bezzerides makes love to another protagonist, after which she is further able to explore the repressed memory. Recalling that she felt proud that her abuser thought she was pretty. Her anger at the male aggressor and her father was repressed because it was damaging to her ego. In effort to protect herself the sexual feelings and aggression were displaced and sublimated though working a dominating career. The defense of identifying with the aggressor is also present inShow MoreRelatedThe New Golden Age Of Television Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesHumanities 16 November 2016 The New Golden Age of Television Television is so popular that it is almost a vital part of life to most people. According to the article â€Å"The Real Golden Age of Television†, the first successful demonstration of electronic television was introduced on September 7, 1927. (Handy William). It was designed by Philo Taylor Farnsworth. Charles Jenkins is also an important person to the creation of television because he created the first mechanical TV on June 23, 1925. (D’Addiro)Read MoreThe And Redefining Expectations Of Quality Television1340 Words   |  6 PagesBattlestar Galactica Rebooted, Refurbished, and Redefining Expectations of Quality Television In 2002 Ron Moore began working on an updated, reimagined take on the 1970’s Science Fiction show Battlestar Galactica. With the help of producer David Eick, Moore created a miniseries event that was one part film, one part pilot for a new breed of televised Science Fiction drama. Combining elements present in other Quality Television shows, Battlestar Galactica (BSG) redefined the expectations of consumers forRead MoreRadios Impact On The Media1265 Words   |  6 Pagesand international news, comedy shows and even celebrity updates. Radio had mild beginnings to hobbyists, increased popularity, the golden ages and finally radio has withstood the tests of time to continue to be part of consumer society. 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List the titles of the television programs you viewed, noting whether each was a current program or, if a rerun, approximately how long ago it was first broadcast. Bold Beautiful (BB) 1987- present Eric and Stephanie Forrester A Different World rerun 1987- Vernon Gaines, Lettie, Col. Taylor The Golden Girls rerun 1985- Sophia Pertrillo The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air re-run 1990- Hattie banks The Young the Restless (YR) 1973-present- John Abbott, Catherine Chancellor, and Victor Newman (presentRead MoreRadio Communication : Radio And Radio1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe radio has been the first device to allow for mass communication. Radio development began as ‘wireless telegraphy.† In the 1920’s the radio was basically used to contact ships that were out at sea. Radio communications were mostly gained by the use of Morse code messages. During the war, the military used it almost entirely and it became a costly tool in sending and getting messages to the armed forces. 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Unique Perspective And Dynamic Intelligence-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Unique Perspective And Dynamic Intelligence? Answer: Introducation According to Myer-Briggs Type test, the INTP personality category is significantly rare and only makes about 3 percent of worlds population. INTPs are analytic and creative leaders, and they have a unique perspective and dynamic intelligence. Their personality is usually easy going nature until their principles are violated, after that they may become blunt and inflexible. The fears of INTPs include the sense of awaiting failure in organisational goals. Generally, they are good leader in careers such as psychology, architecture or professor. There have been numerous scientific discoveries by INTP personality peoples (INTP 2017). Effects on Leadership Skills INTP personality peoples prefer to second guess their leadership decisions. They believe there decisions could have several alternate solutions for one conclusion and it is possible that critical data could be missing from the solution. In the case of a debate, the INTPs convince themselves along with their employees. The INTP personalities are entirely different from INTJ personalities because INTJs are considerably more confident in their acts and capabilities as a leader, compared to INTPs. The leadership analysis of INTP personality includes introverted planning, extroverted instinct, introverted recognising and extroverted feeling (Humanmetrics 2017). The INTPs might appear to be undependable to become leader but in reality, they are significantly passionate and capable of recognising a problem in the organisation. As a leader they consider various aspects and details that include the issue and develop a solution for such problem. The mathematics is the playground for INTP personalities, including languages, computer programs, and other complex structures. As a leader the INTPs prefer to recognise, discover, master and manipulate systems that can surpass the ideas of their personalities (Vernon 2014). According to Myer-Briggs Type test, the most suitable technical leadership jobs profiles for an INTP personality include computer science, software engineering, technology teaching, mechanics and automotive repairing. The social service jobs for INTP character include legal services and librarian. As a leader they do not prefer practical, daily activities and maintenance, but they expend all of their time and energy in developing a solution, once they find the organisation where they could express their potential and intellect (Myersbriggs 2017). The test questions covered internal and external factors ascertaining the leadership quality of a person. Various traits and features suggested by the personality test matches my personality. The test did not predict my entire personality instead it matched few of my personality features. Those features include logical intelligence, unique perspective leadership, creativity and easy going nature. But certain factors, such as interest in mathematics, computer science, low confidence in leadership planning and not preferring practical activities, did not reflect my character. The Myer-Briggs Type test has the ability to evaluate several personalities of a leader but it is not based on a perfect science. Criticism of MBTI Test Myer-Briggs Type test is considered to be most broadly used personality test in the world. More than 2 million people take this test annually, for various human resource department, managerial posts, colleges, and even government departments. The organisation that developed and markets the test makes more than $20 million each year. Many people consider that the test is not based on any scientific principles and it is not beneficial in ascertaining a leaders personality. According to Adam Grant, the test does not have any science behind it. Grant is working at the University of Pennsylvania as an organisational psychologist. According to him the features analysed by the test have no power of disarming person leadership or their performance in a certain situation. For example, according to the test, a person is either extrovert or introvert but there is no middle ground. The human nature did not work this way, no normal person is either 100 percent extrovert or introvert (Colbert, Judge, Choi Wang 2012). The test was developed in the theories given by Carl Jung in the 1940s, which were not tested or certified. Jung has warned that the personalities introduced by him are just rough tendencies that he had observed in peoples, rather than a strict science. The test is like horoscope because it used positive statements to tell people what they want to hear, such as you have unused potential in your work. The scientists of Indiana University have tried to evaluate the principle of Myer-Briggs test, but they decided that the test is not based on any psychological principles. Many predictions of the test have not been confirmed or they are either wrong. The result generated by the test has no evidence of being stable or that it measured anything of value in a leader (Stromberg Caswell 2015). Professor David J. Pittenger, who is currently dean of the college of Liberal Arts at Marshall University and an expert researcher in the field of social science statistics, has published various doubts about MBTI test. Accounting to Pittenger research, the methods for determining a leaders personality resemble each other. There is standard error of measurement between various personalities of Myer-Briggs Type test because it just states the features of a leaders personality without criticising them. There is no evidence which shows that there is a positive relation between MBTI type test and success in a leadership (Post 2010). After the downfall of Myer-Briggs type test in 2014, several other personality tests are used by the organisations for evaluation of personalities of their employees. Some popular alternatives include Big Five, Predictive Index (PI), and Traitify. Big five is focused on a more binary approach to evaluating the degree of relative strengths of a leader. Unlike Myer-Briggs, the Big five evaluate the person based on depression, anxiety, and anger. The Predictive Index test is specially designed for a business structure. The test evaluates the supremacy, sociability, patience, and formality of a leader. The organisations could use various tests in order to ascertain the qualities of a candidate. The results of personality test are not significantly liable since the personalities of peoples change according to different situations (Pittenger 2005). References Colbert, A. E., Judge, T. A., Choi, D., Wang, G. (2012). Assessing the trait theory of leadership using self and observer ratings of personality: The mediating role of contributions to group success.The Leadership Quarterly,23(4), 670-685. INTP Personality (The Logician) | 16Personalities. (2017).16Personalities. Retrieved 14 August 2017, from https://www.16personalities.com/intp-personality Leverage Your Personality Type. (2017). Manaagement. Retrieved 14 August 2017, from https://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/intp-type?EI=-44SN=-9TF=6JP=-19 Myersbriggs. (2017). The Myers Briggs Foundation. Retrieved 14 August 2017, from https://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/ Post, J. M. (Ed.). (2010).The psychological assessment of political leaders: with profiles of Saddam Hussein and Bill Clinton. University of Michigan Press. Stromberg, J., Caswell, E. (2015). Watch: Why the Myers-Briggs test is totally meaningless.Vox. Retrieved 14 August 2017, from https://www.vox.com/2014/7/15/5881947/myers-briggs-personality-test-meaningless Vernon, P. E. (2014).Personality Assessment (Psychology Revivals): A Critical Survey. Routledge.Pittenger, D. J. (2005). Cautionary comments regarding the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research,57(3), 210.

What Should Be Included In A Prohibition Essay Example For Students

What Should Be Included In A Prohibition Essay I. IntroductionII. Early prohibitionA. During 1800sB. During 1920III. The 18th AmendmentA. Who came up with it. B. How and when it was enforced. IV. Mob involvement in ProhibitionA. Sherman Billingsley1. Early years2. Later yearsB. George Remus1. Early years2. Later yearsC. Mob in ChicagoD. Mob in DetroitV. The art of Rum RunningA. Who founded it. We will write a custom essay on What Should Be Included In A Prohibition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now B. How it was enforced. VI. Steps toward repealA. Who wanted it. B. Why they wanted it. VII. The End of ProhibitionA. When and why it happened. B. Effects of Prohibition ending. ProhibitionThe purpose of this paper is to tell about Prohibition, tell about early prohibition, and about the 18th Amendment. Ill also tell about the mob involvement in Prohibition and the steps towards repeal. Prohibition started before it even started. Prior to the Civil War, most states enacted in prohibition laws, but most of them were repealed before 1865. Then in 1900, Maine, Kansas, and North Dakota adopted a firm prohibition law. Then in 1907, Georgia adopted one. In 1908, in Oklahoma, and in 1909 Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee did adopt one too. Andrew Volstead of Minnesota introduced the act in 1919 to Congress and forever after was called the Volstead Act. The law defined as it prohibited intoxicating liquors as those with an alcoholic content of more than 0.5 percent, although it made concessions for liquors sold for medical and industrial purpose, and for fruit and grape drinks prepared in homes for personal use. The hope of the Volstead Act was the reduce public drunkness and of alcohol-related crime, imprisonments, and hospitalizations. To enforce this law the government hired federal agents to enforce different areas of the Unites States. The agents had the power to take the police on a raid of a suspected speakeasy (an illegal bar) or a suspected warehouse. Officially at midnight on January 16, 1920, America went dry. Prohibition is better than no liquor at all. as Will Rogers Then came along the people to fill in the large demand for liquor and the Mob looked at this as a big step for them. A lot of the big names began when they were very young. Sherman Billinsgley began when he was twelve years old. He sold bootleg liquor out of a drugstore. He was arrested first in Seattle for breaking liquor laws. By the age of 17, he ran bootleg liquor from Canada to three speakeasies that he was running. Then at age 19, he went back to selling medical liquor, but now on the Bronx. From there Sherman Billingsley made another step. He became the owner and founder of the Stock Club, located in New York. The Stock Club was the m ost famous speakeasy in America. People from all around tried to get into Billingsleys club. Another man who was very big at this time was George Remus. He never graduated from high school, but he became one of the richest men of the time. He went to night school and studied law, while running two drugstores, and acting as an unlicensed doctor and also rasing a family. At the age of 24, he admitted himself to the Illinois bar and started his own business. One of Remuss clients was Johnny Touris, one of Chicagos first bootleggers and speakeasy king. When Johnny and one of his men got into trouble Remus tried to get them off. After about a year Remus realized how big the market was. Because Remus saw how big the market was he moved to Cleveland and started buying all the distilleries that he could find throughout America. Of all the distilleries that Remus bought were the Fleischmann, Old Lexington Club, Rugby, Glendale, and the Squibb, which was the largest in the country. The Fleischmann cost him $197,000, but it came with thirty-one hundred barrels. We never poisoned anybod y. We sold good liquor and we didnt cut it. George Remus said to one of his workers in the large number of alcohol poisoning related deaths. By 1922 George Remus had a monopoly on whiskey. The only downfall of George Remus was his over-confidence and his excessive greed. And because of this he went to Atlanta for two years for bootlegging. .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 , .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 .postImageUrl , .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 , .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5:hover , .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5:visited , .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5:active { border:0!important; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5:active , .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5 .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8082e606d8e43935419aaca649710c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: By: kim EssayDuring prohibition the mobsters fought to control the market. In Chicago, the fight was between Dion OBanion and highly respected Al Capone. The biggest battle between the two superpowers was the St. Valentine Day Massacre. In Chicago alone there were over 500 murders during prohibition. For the mobsters to stay in business they had to pay off cops to stay out of their business activities. Theys pay them less than three thousand a year, but during the time that was plenty for the cops. And come of the mobsters payed off district attorneys and other people high in command anywhere from $40,000 to $50,000 to wear blinders. But there was some law in the United Stated. Two federal agents from New York, named Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith, made over 4,000 arrests. As whiskey was coming from Canada there was rum coming from the Caribbean. The king of the Rum runners was named Bill McCoy. McCoys operation was to take the loaded boat from the Caribbean up to the New York area and then a bunch of smell boats would come out to his boat and unload the run and within hours, it was sold. Just as fast as prohibition became a law, when time came for repeal, it was repealed just as fast. Groups like the Anti-Saloon League (ASL) and the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment (AAPA) succeed with the repeal vote, with seventy-three percent in favor of the 21st Amendment. On December 5, 1933, President Roosevelt signed the proclamation ending prohibition. The Noble experiment didnt end with a band, but rather the sound of corks popping and glasses clinking.

Free Essays on The Treaty of Versailles

When World War I ended on November 11, 1918, peace talks went on for months due to the Allied leaders wanting to punish the enemy and â€Å"dividing the spoils of war.† A formal agreement to end the war was made and called the Treaty of Versailles. The issue that took the most time were the territorial issues because the empires of Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman, and Germany had collapsed. These fallen empires had to be divided up and America’s President Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and David Lloyd George of Great Britain, were the main deciders of this deal. During 1918, Russia was knocked out of the war due to military defeats and the Bolshevik Revolution. Even though Russia had not been part of the Central Powers, Germany seized much of western Russia. After many months of arguing, the four men had made western Russia into the nations of Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Poland. The Treaty of Versailles was either a treaty of peace or a vengeance for the Germans. In April of 1919, Germany was previously captured and made to wait in a small house that was surrounded with barbed wire. The Allied, who captured Germany, wanted to make a peace treaty to end the fighting. The Germans agreed, but they wanted a treaty that was based on the Fourteen Points but obviously they were not going to get it because of the way they were treated; the barbed wire was unnecessary and â€Å"should have tipped them off to what lay ahead.† When the treaty was first introduced to the Germans, they declined to sign it. It forced the Germans to accept full responsibility for the war and strip themselves of its colonies, coal fields, and the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. It also made them pay outrageous reparations to the Allies. Nevertheless, on June 28, 1919, the Germans reluctantly signed the treaty because the Allies refused to change one word. Out of the $33 billio... Free Essays on The Treaty of Versailles Free Essays on The Treaty of Versailles When World War I ended on November 11, 1918, peace talks went on for months due to the Allied leaders wanting to punish the enemy and â€Å"dividing the spoils of war.† A formal agreement to end the war was made and called the Treaty of Versailles. The issue that took the most time were the territorial issues because the empires of Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman, and Germany had collapsed. These fallen empires had to be divided up and America’s President Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and David Lloyd George of Great Britain, were the main deciders of this deal. During 1918, Russia was knocked out of the war due to military defeats and the Bolshevik Revolution. Even though Russia had not been part of the Central Powers, Germany seized much of western Russia. After many months of arguing, the four men had made western Russia into the nations of Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Poland. The Treaty of Versailles was either a treaty of peace or a vengeance for the Germans. In April of 1919, Germany was previously captured and made to wait in a small house that was surrounded with barbed wire. The Allied, who captured Germany, wanted to make a peace treaty to end the fighting. The Germans agreed, but they wanted a treaty that was based on the Fourteen Points but obviously they were not going to get it because of the way they were treated; the barbed wire was unnecessary and â€Å"should have tipped them off to what lay ahead.† When the treaty was first introduced to the Germans, they declined to sign it. It forced the Germans to accept full responsibility for the war and strip themselves of its colonies, coal fields, and the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. It also made them pay outrageous reparations to the Allies. Nevertheless, on June 28, 1919, the Germans reluctantly signed the treaty because the Allies refused to change one word. Out of the $33 billio...

Transformations & Symmetry essays

Transformations & Symmetry essays What is transformation? Transformation is a one-to-one function from one plane on to another plane or to a different area on the same plane. A transformation describes a change in appearance of points in a plane. It is a transfer from the pre-image to the image. There are many types of transformations that I will be describing. The first type of transformation is known as a reflection. A reflection maps each point from one plane and creates it on another plane in the same manner and order. One of the main characteristics of reflection is reverse orientation. This means that whatever order the points were in, they transformed to be the opposite. This concept is the same as when you look into a mirror, all the points are reversed. Another type of transformation is known as translation. A translation is a transformation formed by the composition of two reflections in which the lines of the reflection are parallel. According to my understanding of this concept, in order to have the lines parallel, the figures must be placed side by side. In this type of transformation the orientation of the figure is changed but then changed back. The first reflection reverses the orientation, then the second reflection reverses it back to the way it first was. When you have more than one transformation of one figure you are then, performing a composition of transformations. The third type of translation is called a rotation. A rotation is a transformation formed by the composition of two reflections in which the lines of reflection intersect. This is accomplished by using two reflections or a composition. The concept of this transformation is that it is reflected at an angle, therefore causing the perpendicular lines to intersect at a single Another type of transformation is known as a dilation. A dilation is kn ...

Fragile X Syndrome PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fragile X Syndrome - PowerPoint Presentation Example Many of the people who suffer from the syndrome have some cognitive weaknesses in their cognitive development, including the processes of thinking, problem solving, concept understanding, information processing and overall intelligence. Their overall potential tends to be lower than that of their peers and siblings, but they can nonetheless have patterns of strength too in their development and do very well in certain aspects of learning and cognition. As many as 80% of males with the syndrome are described as "cognitively delayed". Older studies suggested that nearly all the boys or men with the syndrome have a moderate or severe mental retardation. Today there is more accuracy in the testing and in recognizing all those with the syndrome (not only those who were institutionalized, on which these previous studies were carried out), and only 10-15% of the males tested have the IQ that fits a borderline or mild mental retardation. There are a number of boys and girls with the full mutation of the syndrome. They are described as learning disabled, as their overall intelligence is at least at the low average range but they have specific strengths and weaknesses in their cognitive learning ("Cognitive Development Characteristics", 2009). Cognition is also affected by Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), seizure disorders, anxiety, disorders in speech and language, sensory motor problems and other factors ("Cognitive Development Characteristics", 2009). In boys and men, there are several points of strength in cognition. These include verbal labeling, single word vocabulary and receptive (listening) vocabulary. Also, the vocabulary for subjects of interest may be higher than expected. Furthermore, visual matching and visual perception tasks with meaningful information (a familiar object, for example) are often performed well. Memory for situations and for favorite TV shows, song and videos is

Quality management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Quality management - Assignment Example It would not be easy for the managers to implement several independent management systems to address all these aspects. This is the context when an integrated management system that can effectively address areas like quality management, environmental management, and health and safety management becomes important. An integrated management system is a broad concept that covers different aspects of corporate management. A close analysis reveals that the Oman Air has not implemented an integrated management system yet. Evidently, it is suggestible for the organisation to think about a new system. To be specific, the Oman Air management team has to consider a comprehensive five-phase execution strategy encompassing phases like preparation, planning, execution, monitoring, and certification. Development of a well structured quality policy and environment policy is vital to direct this management system implementation process effectively. This paper will explore some potential approaches to the implementation of an extensive integrated management system (IMS) in Oman Air. Oman Air The Oman Air, based on the grounds of Muscat International Airport in Seeb, Muscat, is the Oman’s national airline that was founded in 1993. Oman Air operates in the aerospace industry. The original history of the Oman Air can be dated back to 1970 when the Oman International Services (OIS) was established. The Oman Air operates international passenger as well as scheduled domestic services in addition to providing regional air taxi and charter flight services in the country. Oman Air, a member of the Arab Air Carriers Organisation has become the world’s first airline service to offer both Wi-Fi and mobile phone internet connections on selected routes as of March 2010 (flyfirstclass.com, 2013). Oman Air received the ‘Airline of the Year’ Gold award at France’s Laurier d’Or du Voyage d’Affaires (Oman Air, 2011). After its foundation in 1993, the Oman Air rapidly spread its roots across the globe over the next several years. The Omani government recapitalised the airline in 2007 by increasing its shares in the airline from nearly 33 to 80 percent. In the same year, the organization considered reviewing its strategic plans with intent to explore the opportunities of entering the long-haul market. In May 2007, the government announced that it is going to pull out of Gulf Air so as to concentrate more on the development of Oman Air. The organisation launched its long haul services in November 2007 by operating flights to London and Bangkok. Oman Air planned new long haul routes with the arrival of its new Airbus A330-200/300 aircraft. The Omani government held 99.8 percent shares in the Oman Air as of November 2010 (omanair.com, 2012). Currently, the airline has 44 global destinations across 23 countries. In addition, it has codeshare agreements with four airlines including Emirates, Ethiopian Airlines, Qatar Airways, and Roya l Jordanian (travel media). Sinbad is a three tier frequent flyer programme launched in 2007 and is directly managed by Oman Air where the three tiers are Sinbad Blue, Sinbad Silver, and Sinbad Gold (sindbad.omanair.com, n.d.). Integrated management system As mentioned already, it would be a difficult task for firms, particularly huge sized firms, to maintain separate management systems to deal with different areas of organisational management. According Zeng, Tam, and Tam

Software Development Essay Example for Free

Software Development Essay The program template represents a complete working Java program, with one or more key lines of code replaced with comments. Read the problem description and examine the sample output; then study the template code. Using the problem-solving tips as a guide, replace the /* */ comments with Java code. Compile and execute the program. Compare your output with the sample output provided. Then answer the follow-up questions. The source code for the template is available at the course website (sclass). Problem Description Write an application that plays â€Å"guess the number† as follows: Your application chooses the number to be guessed by selecting an integer at random in the range 1–1000. The application then displays the following in a label: I have a number between 1 and 1000. Can you guess my number? Please enter your first guess. A JTextField should be used to input the guess. As each guess is input, the background color should change to either red or blue. Red indicates that the user is getting â€Å"warmer,† and blue indicates that the user is getting â€Å"colder.† A JLabel should display either Too High or Too Low to help the user zero in on the correct answer. When the user gets the correct answer, Correct! should be displayed, and the JTextField used for input should be changed to be uneditable. A JButton should be provided to allow the user to play the game again. When the JButton is clicked, a new random number should be generated and the input JTextField changed to be editable. Sample Output Problem-Solving Tips 1. Use methods from the JTextField class to manipulate all JTextField components. For instance, method setText will set the text of the text field, and method setEditable will set whether the text field can be edited or not. 2. Method setBackground from class JFrame sets the background color of the JFrame. 3. Use method nextInt from class Random to generate a random number from 1 to 1000. You will need to scale the range of values produced by random by 1000 and shift the range by 1. 4. Use variables lastDistance and currentDistance to determine the distance of the guess from the actual number. If this distance gets larger between guesses, set the background color of the JFrame to blue. If this distance gets smaller or stays the same, set the background color to red. 5. If you have any questions as you proceed, ask your lab instructor for assistance. Follow-Up Questions and Activities 1. Modify the previous program to keep track of how many guesses the user has made, and display that number in another JLabel in the JFrame. 2. Now modify the previous program so that there is another JLabel in the JFrame that contains the number to be guessed, but does not become visible, until the user guesses the right number. In other words the JLabel is always there, the user just can’t see it until the correct number is guessed. Submission Submit 3 files of the 3 version of GuessGameFrame: GuessGameFrame1, GuessGameFrame, and GuessGameFrame3.java via the slcass.

NIC: The Unsung Hero :: essays research papers fc

NIC: The Unsung Hero The Network Interface Card, or NIC for short, is the most important peripheral when it comes to operating on a network. Many people think the most important item in a network is the cabling, or maybe the network software, or even the computer or server being used. While each of these items is important they are worthless without a Network Interface Card, for successful network operation. The NIC has taken most of the legwork out of the way we do business. No more does Bob, in the Production Department, have to save a file on a floppy disk just to hand carry it two floors up to Sue, in the Accounting Department. The NIC makes it possible to send the file across the network, saving precious production time, so Bob can work on other matters. The importance of the NIC can be described in terms of what it is, what types there are, and system compatibility. So, what is a NIC? Simply put it is the physical interface between the computer and the network cable. The NIC performs many vital functions that are transparent to the user, in order to send and receive data. 1) It prepares data to be sent over the network by converting the computer, parallel data into serial data. 2) It advertises its address to the rest of the network, to distinguish itself from other cards on the network. 3) It carries on an electronic dialog with the receiving NIC about such things as the maximum size of the data to be sent, the time intervals between data chunks, and how much data each card can hold before it overflows, to name a few (Microsoft 76). All NICs operate pretty much the same way, but it is important to know about the different types of NICs. NICs come in two basic varieties: those designated for servers and those designated for desktops (Harvey 104). The application of the network being used will dictate what type of NIC to use. Server NICs generally come with onboard processors and memory. For a heavily trafficked server, multiple port cards allow for additional connections to a server, saving expansion slot space (Harvey 105). The desktop NIC is more of a bare bones type of card. It does not require an onboard processor and memory, unless it is for a user that moves a lot of data (i.

Beauty Queen

`The Beauty Queen of Leenane’ is set in an isolated cottage situated in a small Irish town called Leenane, during the latter half of eighties. The two characters that anchor the play are the mother-daughter duo of Maureen and Mag Folan. Maureen is a forty-year old spinster who had lived all of her life with her mom, while Mag is the seventy-year old mother who is not prepared to let go of her daughter. Mag is very ungrateful and unappreciative, in spite of Maureen dedicating her life to help Mag lead a somewhat normal life.Although both of them have gotten used to each other’s idiosyncrasies over the years, there still exists a power struggle of sorts between the two of them. At times, they even loathe and blame each other for their own miserable plights. The mother character is portrayed as a mean, selfish woman who believes that her daughter should feel indebted to serve her. The daughter desperately wants to find love, rather a husband who could free her from the ble ak existence. Maureen somehow wants to escape from the clutches of her mother and get married like her sisters.She even believes, at times, that her mother pretends to be sick to keep her confined to the four walls of the house. On the other hand, Mag tries to make her daughter feel guilty by accusing Maureen of ignoring her. As both of them had remained isolated for many years, they were reaching a state of social and emotional void. Many aspects of the play’s storyline draw parallels to Ireland’s socio-political standpoint. Many rural areas of Ireland like the one featured in the play are economically dead zones, where misery and dullness rule the day.This tone reflects in the play as Maureen and Mag lead a dull life which seldom lightens up. They also endlessly complain about how bad their lives are due to natural calamities and atrocities committed against the Irish community. It is quite ironic that the only time they enjoy talking is when they discuss their death . The ambiance of the play is quite claustrophobic as it takes place in a confined, darkly lit environment. The gray walls of the room are analogous to the sleepy town of Leenane, which breaks the usual conception of Ireland being associated with greenery and hills.This gives the viewer an unsettling feeling and conveys a sense of helplessness that haunts the play’s main characters. The other two characters in the play are Pato and Ray Dooley who happen to be brothers. Pato is a well-mannered gentleman who is sick of working in England for low wages and plans to go to America to try his luck there. He is instantly is attracted to Maureen as he expected every little. This made Maureen to be overjoyed over the prospects of being together with Pato and getting a second chance in life.On the other hand, Ray is a brash and irresponsible young man, but nonetheless amusing. This element of the play shadows on the restless youth of rural Ireland. The youth in Ireland apparently have only two possible choices; they would have to either rot their lives in boredom. or seek greener pastures in London. Although immigrating into England was not the easiest task in the world, it was their only hope to flee from poverty. The two brothers represent the two equally helpless groups of the rural youth in Ireland.This theme is universal since it can very easily be related to almost anyone living in any rural part of the world. Mag relentlessly tries to disrupt Maureen and Pato’s chances of falling in love, fearing solitude. Pato tries to pacify the situation between Maureen and Mag by talking to them, and gains Maureen’s respect. Maureen’s initial physical relationship with Pato was a result of several factors; it was due to sexual repression caused by Ireland’s ridiculously strong moral code and she also wanted to go against her mother for once in her life.However, she eventually falls in love with Pato and longed to be with him. Maureen’ s final ray of hope gets shattered as Mag’s purposely lets out certain sensitive information about their family. Mag also unscrupulously destroys a letter written by Pato which asks Maureen to come with him to America. Since Maureen does not get her hands on the letter on time, she does not get the opportunity to leave Leenane and unite with Pato. Ray inadvertently plays a role in the disaster that Mag plans to prevent Maureen and Pato from getting together.The violent unfolding of events, her medical history, Mag’s death and the grief of not being with Pato forces Maureen to go into a state of chronic depression and eventually turns into the person she dreaded most, her mother (Chang 2001). Mag was not only her daughter’s captor but also a captive of her own lifestyle and choices. Although Mag might seem like the root cause of the disaster, she was also barely a victim of the human condition. Maureen being forced to take care of her mother is a motif to Ireland ’s culture where love plays second fiddle to family responsibility.Maureen could not leave her old mom alone because she grew up on Irish values that condemned people leaving their elder alone during old age. The world needs to view Mag’s character as a self-indulgent parent from Ireland’s cultural perspective. In the rural parts of Ireland, children were raised merely to be additional hands in the family workforce, contrary to the western world’s perception of children being objects for showering love and care (Cobbe 2008).Since love is not a big part of the practical Irish life wherein arranged marriages are still the norm in certain areas, it gives the Irish another reason to escape to England. Also, the violent scenes in the play are not only an indicator of the true domestic violence that has become commonplace in the day-to-day lives of Irish people, but also a signifies that the petty fights that we as citizens of the world go through in the name o f war and so on (Gonser).Like love and hate in human relationships, there is a fine line separating tragedy and comedy in plays. What ‘the Beauty Queen of Leenane’ successfully does is strike a fine balance between the two elements, making it quite engaging albeit intense. Ultimately, the play is a strong cultural satire of sorts that showcases rural Ireland’s way of life to the rest of the world. One could interpret this play as ironical for relating the lack of economic wealth to the people’s lives devoid of happiness, thereby criticizing the spate of our modern soulless existence.Beyond the dark humor is a darker message signifying that the worst of human qualities can very easily come out under suitable circumstances. ‘The Beauty Queen of Leenane’ is a play that makes us look past the obvious and think about things that we usually avoid because they are too complicated and stressful. However, these kinds of plays do remind us of the true n ature of human beings that lies dormant behind years of cultural training. Also, Maureen growing old and turning into her mom is a classic case of the vicious cycle of life.Reference: Chang, E. (2001, May 7). Theatre: The Beauty Queen of Leenane. Retrieved 27 June 2008, Cobbe, E. (2008, June 20). Review – The Beauty Queen of Leenane. Austin Chronicle. Retrieved 27 June 2008, Gonser, J. â€Å"Welcome to McDonaghland – About Language, Biscuits, and a Certain Taste for Aussie Soaps†. Retrieved 27 June 2008,

Chinese Music Instruments Essay

In this research paper I will introduce four Chinese music instruments: Chinese drum, Guzheng, Qin and Chinese lute. Chinese drum is still very popular in china for the old generation, and they use drum as an exercise for body training. GuZheng is a Chinese traditional instrument; furthermore, I remember when I was in the secondary, one of my classmate played GuZheng very well. In every public holiday, she will show GuZheng; moreover, it’s really specially. The third one is Qin; we still can see this instrument display in some Chinese drama, but this instrument does not have lots of people know how to play it. Last one is Yu Pipe that is a very ancient Chinese instrument; in addition, I don’t think lots of people heard this before and I cannot find more information about it. So I choose Pipa to instant of Yu Pipe. Pipa is rarely instrument and never see it in western country; however, Pipa is not that rare almost all the classic music group will have the people who play Pipa in the group. History of Chinese Drum The drum occupies a prominent place in Chinese culture. Though the exact origin of the Chinese drum is still subject to debate, ancient literatures show that it is about as old as Chinese history itself. The earliest documentation of its application in ancient China occurs in Oracle Inscriptions (Jiaguwen â€Å"Jiaguwen is an ancient Chinese word, it usually write on animal’s shell†) of the Shang Dynasty (16th-11th century BC), that is, inscriptions carved on tortoise shells and animal bones. As an old and wonderful form of art, the drum finds application in almost every aspect of Chinese social life, including sacrificial and worshiping ceremonies, farming, and warfare, and throughout the centuries it has been imbued with profound cultural implications. The history of the popularization of the Chinese drum is also the history of its continuous borrowing and assimilation of other artistic forms and expressions. During the process, Chinese drum performance arts have undergone a lot of regional as well as ethnic variations. As a result, today they produce different visual impacts and bring to the viewers different senses of beauty some are masculine, giving off a sense of invincible might; some are more delicate with nimble and graceful dancing steps; and there are still others that possess both qualities. This rich array of artistic expressions from the Chinese drum culture gives full expression to the vitality of the Chinese nation. History and Introduction of GuZheng The modern-day guzheng is a plucked, half-tube zither with movable bridges and 21 strings, although it can have anywhere from 15 to 25 strings (a customized version exists with more than 34 strings). the guzheng‘s strings were formerly made of twisted silk, though by the 20th century most players used metal strings (generally steel for the high strings and copper-wound steel for the bass strings). Since the mid-20th century most performers use steel strings flat wound with nylon. The guzheng has a large resonant cavity made from wu tong wood (paulownia tomentosa). Other components may be made from other woods, usually for structural and decorative purposes. For the introduction, the guzheng has existed since the warring states period and became especially popular during the qin dynasty. The ancient guzheng had 12 strings, which gradually evolved into it current forms. Until 1961, the common guzheng had 18 strings. In 1961 xu zhengao together with wang xunzhi introduced the first 21-string guzheng after two years of research and development. In 1961, they also invented the â€Å"s-shaped† left string rest, which was quickly adopted by all guzheng makers and is still used today, whether in the shape of the letter â€Å"s†, â€Å"c†, etc. the 21-string zheng is the most commonly used, but some traditional musicians still use the 16-string, especially along the southeastern coastal provinces of china and in taiwan. The guzheng is tuned to a pentatonic scale; the 16-string zheng is tuned to give three complete octaves, while the 21-string zheng has four complete octaves. Playing styles and performers there are many techniques used in the playing of the guzheng, including basic plucking actions (right or both hands) at the right portion and pressing actions at the left portion (by the left hand to produce pitch ornamentations and vibrato) as well as tremolo (right hand). These techniques of playing the guzheng can create sounds that can evoke the sense of a cascading waterfall, thunder and even the scenic countryside. Plucking is done mainly by the right hand with four plectra (picks) attached to the fingers. Advanced players may use picks attached to the fingers of both hands. Ancient picks were made of ivory and later also from tortoise shell. The guzheng‘s pentatonic scale is tuned to do, re, mi, so and la, but fa and ti can also be produced by pressing the strings to the left of the bridges. Well known pieces for the instrument include yu zhou chang wan (singing at night on fishing boat), gao shan liu shui (high mountains flowing water) and han gong qiu yue (han palace autumn moon). Two broad playing styles (schools) can be identified as northern and southern, although many traditional regional styles still exist. The northern styles are associated with henan and shandong while the southern style is with the chaozhou and hakka regions of eastern guangdong. both gao shan liu shui (high mountains flowing water) and han gong qiu yue (han palace autumn moon) are from the shandong school, while han ya xi shui (winter crows playing in the water) and chu shui lian (lotus blossoms emerging from the water) are major pieces of the chaozhou and Hakka repertories respectively. The GU Qin While the music of the Gu Qin represents Chinese culture at its most historical and refined, its sound can be challenging for Westerners to appreciate on first hearing. Many students are struck If you were to experience it live, you would also wonder how an audience could possibly hear such music, because it is extremely quiet. The qin is one of the most ancient instrument in the world to have remained in continuous use. Known also as guqin ( meaning â€Å"ancient zither†), it is a roughly 51-inch-long rectangular board zither made of paulonia wood painted black, and has seven stings, traditionally of twisted silk, running lengthwise from end to end, without frets or bridges. There is also a series of 11 inlaid mother-of pearl circles along one side marking the acoustical nodes or vibration points for each string. To the player’s left, the strings pass over the end and are tied underneath to two small peg-like feet attached to the instrument’s lower board. At the right end the strings run over a slight ridge that acts as a bridge, then pass through holes to the underside where each is tied to a small wooden peg. The instrument is tuned by twisting these pege to loosen or tighten the string’s tension. The player, seated on a chair with the instrument on a table or frame, plucks the strings with the fingers of the right hand and stop the strings with the fingers of the left hand. History of Pipa The pipa is a plucked Chinese string instrument. Sometimes called the Chinese lute, the instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body. It has been played for nearly two thousand years in China, and belongs to the plucked category of instruments. Prototypes of the pipa already existed in China in the Qin Dynasty (221 BC – 206 BC). At that time, there were two types of pipa. One was straight-necked, with a round sound box constructed from lacquered Paulownia wood, and two faces mounted with leather. The other was believed to be inspired by the primitive forms of zheng, konghou, and zou. It also has a straight neck, a round sound box, and also four strings, along with twelve standards of notes. This model was later developed into the instrument known today as the ruan. The modern pipa is closer to the instrument which originated in Persia/Middle-East (where it was called barbat) and was introduced into China beginning in the late Jin Dynasty (265-420 A.D. ). I am not very sure how this instrument works on every rhythm, but I know that song is good. No matter it plays alone or plays with other rhythm, you always can hear its special sound. There are still a lot of different music instrument in this huge world. Although, the instruments are from different place, it place same music and music don’t have different nation. Hopefully, we never lost any music instruments and pass it to the next generation. Music instruments also are culture, and they are important in our life. Work Cited Lency. â€Å"Chinese Drum’ First Stop: Shells and animal bones. † Chinaculture. org Offers 01 October 2004 http://www. chinaculture. org/gb/en_artqa/2006-02/06/content_79017. htm Han, Mei. â€Å"Guzheng. † In The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London, 2001). Montreal, Quebec, Canada. â€Å"Pipa’ First Stop: With a wooden plectrum. †  ©2000-2009 Philmultic Management & Productions Inc. http://www. philmultic. com/pipa/ Zha, Fuxi (1958). Cunjian Guqin Qupu Jilan . Beijing: The People’s Music Press. ISBN 7-103-02379-4.

A Comparison of the Prince and the Analects Essays

A Comparison of the Prince and the Analects Essays A Comparison of the Prince and the Analects Essay A Comparison of the Prince and the Analects Essay Essay Topic: The Prince The Prince or The Analects By Rory Steuart Comparing the The Analects (confucious) with the Prince (Machiavelli) is something like comparing George bush and Elizabeth May of the green party. Basically the wrtitings of The Analects totally disagrees with the writings of The Prince. Confucius believes people are easily improved and taught through self promotion and development, Machaveli however sees humanity in a much different light. Machiavelli was an innovator of realism politics and believed that people of power should conduct themselves as tyrants. Machiavelli and Confucius are from totally different time periods and different places in the world. Which could possibly be the reason The Analects and The Prince are so very different(yet both lived in times of war). Machiavelli’s short Bio Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian state politician and well-known person of the Renaissance. Machiavelli was born on May 3rd, 1469. His father was Bernardo di Niccoli who came from an impoverished part of Florentine, there is little recorded about Machiavelli’s father. Machiavelli lived in Florence at a time of constant war and endangerment of other forces such as France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire all of which had an interest in Italy (quite possibly the main reason for Machiavelli’s philosophy). Machivelli was a major player in military dealings he had many diplomatic assignments. He met with the likes of Ferdinand II of Aragon, in Spain and to the Papacy in Rome, in the Italian states. Machiavelli examined Duke Cesare Borgia(son of the pope Alexander VI) who was a very important figure in the The Prince. From 1503 to 1509 Machiavelli controlled the militia of Florentine and was responsible for the cities defense. By 1512 the medici had regained control of Florence and decided to expel Machiavelli from office. In 1513, Machavelli was accused of conspiracy, while being contained Machiavelli was tortured but still had nothing to say. Machiavelli was released and retired back to Florence where he then wrote the Prince. Confucius shot Bio Confucius was given the name Kung Fu-tzu which means Great Master Kung. Confucius is believed to have been born either in 551 BC or 552 BC. Confucius father died when he was only three years old so his mother raised him. After the death of his father Confucius and his mother were forced to live in poverty. Confucius was a police chief in the city of Lu where he made many diplomatic arrangements. Confucius dedicated most of the rest of his life towards teaching and he died in Lu in 479 BC. The most thorough usual account of Confuciuss life is contained in the Records of the Historian by Ssu-ma Chien, many people believe this is fake nonetheless it is the closest to a biography of Confucius as you can get. Family Machiavelli does not discuss the thoroughly the importance of family very much in the Prince. However in the very first chapter Machiavelli proclaims that it is much easier to control a hereditary princedom than one that is created or passed over. Confucius was man who believed that a strong family was the key having a strong society. Confucius sees the family as the beginning and the place where great men are brought up in families with good relationships. Confucius also believed that the best teacher is usually a parent. Confucius believed that even if a person was not born smart they could still be taught the more important virtues of respect, loyalty, obedience, humility, trustworthiness and you guessed it love of ones parents. A great deal of importance was concentrated on loving and learning from your parents. War and aggression Since Machiavelli ponders so much on the importance of a strong army and strong defense I will focus much of Machiavelli’s portion of the essay on war and aggression. In the Prince Machiavelli has a win at all costs notion on war, being wicked and immoral are strategies. Machiavelli believed that a Prince should concentrate on being feared before being loved. A prince has land that is always in danger of invasion from others, for this reason Machiavelli believes that a prince should worry about himself and have very little worry for others. A prince has plenty to worry about during times of war and everyone is out to get you so you must be greedy and heinous in times of war. The prince declares that the nation state comes first before individuals. A strong prince can encounter any enemy in war. The prince proclaims a ruler must not depend on fortifications. A ruler who can’t create a fearsome army and relies only on defense is not a strong ruler. Machiavelli does focus a lot on the importance of having a city that is unable to be taken by siege, but if you must be able to raise your own army to go on the attack. Therefore a Prince must have a heavily fortified city and be able to deploy an army of his own. Machiavelli believes that the foundation of a strong Nation State is a strong army. According to The prince the most important part of being a leader is studying the art of war. Staying in power is a main point in the prince and to stay in power a Prince must conduct a strong army. The Prince proclaims not only do you need a strong army but also you need to be in total control of that army. â€Å"Prince ought to have no other aim or thought, nor select anything else for his study, than war and its rules and discipline; for this is the sole art that belongs to him who rules, and it is of such force that it not only upholds those who are born princes, but it often enables men to rise from a private station to that rank† (The Prince nline-literature. com/machiavelli/prince/14/ chapter 14). Even in times of peace a prince must be ready for enemy attacks and more importantly to continually consider the possibility of war. It is obvious that the Prince concentrates a large portion of the book war and author Machiavelli thinks it is the main point of being a political leader. The Prince conveys an almost evil war-mongering ideal to the reader of what a ruler should be. The Analects actually disagrees with The Prince almost totally, the Analects preach that there is no need for war and that peace is the answer. An oppressive government is fiercer and more feared than a tiger† (The Analects). The Analects preach to do what is right and not what gives you an advantage (total opposite of the Prince). Oddly enough like Machiavelli, Confucius was also lived in a time of constant war yet he decided to look at this violence from a different approach. Money and Private Property The prince declares that more importantly than money and other luxuries is political knowledge. Since the prince approaches this all topics as a leader the Prince is concerned mainly with principalities and luxuries. The prince inquires that Property and possessions are necessary for the structure of a successful society. Machiavelli believed property of land makes sure the land will be productive and all people are using land efficiently. The prince states there are only principalities and republics. As a principality the ruler usually gains leadership through hereditary selection. In these cases a Prince should be getting the most productivity from the land. The prince supports tyranny with this comes certain amount greed. The prince states that a ruler must be greedy because if a ruler is too generous with his wealth then his subjects will intend to take advantage of his generosity. Therefore princes must not be too gluttonous but at the same time not be taken advantage of by their peers. Machiavelli insists, â€Å"except to his cost, if he is wise he ought not to fear the reputation of being mean† (chapter 16 The Prince). What this can be translated to is that you cannot get caught up on being loved for generosity instead you must try to deflect hatred from accounting your money. In times of war it is important to have a surplus of goods and money so you do not have to tax your own people. â€Å"In a country Well governed Poverty is something to be ashamed of, in a poorly governed country wealth is something to be a shamed of( rightwords. eu /quotes/author/Confucius39/poverty- 140). The Analects support this very much so in many instances Confucius points out the obvious reasons for poverty. In the Analects it is depicted that the honorable man will concentrate himself on mortality before thinking about poverty, money or profit. The Analects constantly preaches the importance of Mortality and the art of being a gentleman are much more important than being rich in money and other luxuries. Law Authority and Government Machiavelli was an autocrat ruler or at least he was in his writings citing that republics can be easily broken up. Machiavelli strongly believed in principalities for many reasons although he does allow some exception where they can be problematic. The Prince states those principalities, which are passed down hereditarily, are easily entered into. On the other hand principalities taken by force are subject to fall due to the ways the ruler went about taking control of the principality. Machiavelli states a prince must be seen as gracious, and religious, but he must only seem to have these qualities (chapter 15). Princes must only be perceived to have these qualities for a prince will need to act in the opposite manner of these traits in order to keep his power. â€Å"The answer is that one would like to be both the one and the other; but because it is difficult to combine them, it is far safer to be feared than loved if you cannot be both†(The Prince Chapter 17). Once again a very important point that leadership inquires you is powerful. Confucius was extremely adamant on teaching â€Å"The Way† and even thought that the Government should follow this philosophy. â€Å"The good ruler is obeyed even though he doesnt give orders, while the bad ruler is not, even though he does. How can we know what to obey, if the good ruler doesnt give orders? But we already know what is good, and if we do that, we are obeying the good ruler. The bad ruler simply wants things for himself. There is no eason why we should do that, if we can help it† ( friesian. com/confuciu. htm). The differences in how The Prince says a ruler should be and the Analects are actually humorous how different these schools of thought really are. Leading by example is a reoccurring ideology in the Analects. A person in power is to govern his or her people by example and not by force. Governing by laws and punishments does not cultivate the virtue of the people. â€Å"Go verning by moral force and ritual and good manners does† ( friesian. om/confuciu. htm). The analects does not much talk about the importance of laws and more on the importance of being a superior man. In being a superior man a person of power must be loved and teach his people instead of keeping them in fear. Conclusion In the introduction it was stated that Machiavelli’s the Prince and Confucius Analects were almost complete opposites. On just about every topic the two schools of thought contradict each other. When it comes to family the Prince basically only mentions family if it concerns politics. For example Machiavelli talks a lot about differences between hereditarily owned principalities and ones taken by force. Confucius on the other hand basically speaks on family and especially parents are the building blocks to a person’s life. As for war these to again have totally different ideologies the Prince says a ruler should always study war. On the other hand The Analects preach that a ruler who has to rule with fear and is impart of a lot of wars they have already failed as a ruler. As for fortune Machiavelli saw this as very important and believed a ruler should be very greedy and save his fortune for times where it is needed. Confucius did not see the importance of money or luxury and believed practicing being a gentleman or wise man was much more important. The Prince believes in a realist government that believes in keeping fear in its people and keeping absolute power. Confucius again is much more concerned with having a government that leads its people by example and attempts to improve life. These two obviously cannot agree on anything

Logical Intervention in Vietna essays

Logical Intervention in Vietna essays American military intervention in Vietnam has always been a highly controversial issue. Many Americans were against intervention in Vietnam. Many Americans question rather the United States should have ever sent troops to Southeast Asia, and if intervention was the correct action, based on foreign policy and bipartisan ideas. After observation of these ideas, it is safe to say that foreign policy and bipartisan ideas justified American military intervention. First of all the United States stance on foreign policy needs to be observed. After World War II the United States became the most powerful nation, it had ever been. The United States had ideas of spreading the American values of liberty, equality, and democracy throughout the world.1 During this time the Soviet Union was less focused on spreading their Communist ideas, and more focused on rebuilding there country, which was demolished during World War II.2 As unthreatening as this seems now, the United States had a great distrust of Russia. The American peoples anti-Nazi sentiments, of World War II, began to be anti-Soviet. The United States and the Soviet Unions conflicting aims and equal distrust were two of the main reason the Cold War began. All Americans, Democrats and Republicans, were allied against the Soviet Union. The Democratic president Truman and his predecessor Eisenhower, a Republican, were both anti-Communist and anti-Soviet. Another policy at this time was containment. The policy was defined by George F. Kennan.3 In a nut shell, the policy stated that Americans should try to stop the spread of Communism. This policy, directed mainly at the Soviet Union, used by the all of the Presidents, though given different monikers, from 1946 until after the Vietnam War. During these times, from about 1945 to 1954, the Vietnamese were fighting a war against France. The Vietnamese sought independence while the Frenc ...

U.S committee system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U.S committee system - Essay Example tives; identify problems and propose solutions to them; select, determine the text of, and report out measures for full chambers to consider; monitor executive branch performance of duties; and look into the allegations of wrongdoing† (Schnieder 1). The decentralized structure of the congressional committee system started in adherence to the 1946 Legislative Reorganization Act though the use of committees is presence since the congress conducted its first meeting (Schnieder 1). The determination of the number of committee members as well as the ratio of majority to minority is often carried out by party leaders. Each party is also responsible in choosing the leader of each committee (Schnieder 2). The committees are classified largely according to their functions and activities they perform. These are the standing committees, select committees, and joint committees. Standing committees are permanent panels which are created according to chamber rules which also list the jurisdiction of each. Due to their possession of legislative jurisdiction, these committees â€Å"consider bills and issues and recommend measures for consideration† (Schnieder 3). Standing committees perform the general duties of the congress such as monitoring issues and activities as well as consider the government’s revenues, tax systems, budget, pension, industry subsidies, and other direct expenses. The activities of select committees are dictated by the parent chamber. These special committees are often established because the standing committee requires a more thorough comprehension of an issue(Schnieder 3). Thus, select committees often function to investigate on certain issues of interest and to consider possible measures. Because of the nature of their jobs, most select committees are often temporary and are dissolved when their tasks are accomplished. Joint committees are comprised of members from the senate and house which are â€Å"permanent panels which conduct studies or perform

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Research Proposal Example This sentiment is supported by Van Belle (2000) who argues that political figures within a government structure are pressured to make socially-relevant decisions within the constant presence of the camera, hence media serving as a force to drive political transparency in decision-making and communications. Without media serving as a medium for educating political thought and providing society members with knowledge regarding the behaviors of political representatives, the public would have inferior knowledge about governance activities and political decision-making. In the early 2000s, after the events of September 11, 2001, political ideology in American society changed as a result of media coverage of the George W. Bush political administration and its efforts to curb the spread of terrorism in the United States. In Western nations, such as the United States, the slaughter of civilians is believed, at the social level, to be barbaric and monstrous (Atawneh, 2009). The acting President Bush led a media-driven campaign to publicize his stance on terrorism which emphasized that these terrorist actors were evil and reprehensible, with this discourse influencing American society members to view Middle Easterns as malevolent and immoral (Graham, Keenan & Dowd, 2004). The President, using media as a forum to spread this politically-motivated ideology, utilized the phrase us versus them, where â€Å"us† was representative of peaceful individuals and â€Å"them† as foreign opponents of democratic lifestyle and peace-loving society (Leuda r & Marsland, 2004). Media coverage of Bush’s ideology toward terrorism influenced American society to adopt his political views related to the terror campaign, giving Bush more social clout which ultimately led to society’s political action to elect Bush for a second term. The media, hence, served as the fundamental influence to change political thought of American citizens, with media-covered political rhetoric

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Cultural Influences in Children Essay Example for Free

Cultural Influences in Children Essay The negative influences for video games: children are always playing it or wanting to play their xbox, wii or playstation, not wanting to go to school. Children will want to be on the game for several hours or all day. Children or adults can have seizures from the movement of all the changing lights and from the lights flashing especially in the dark. Children can have nightmares from playing a game called Call of Duty it has a zombies part. Children can also shoot zombies and people with guns and might act this out in real life even shoot at people. These games are violent, and gory. Children can play Grand Theft Auto they are playing as a gang member and your boss tells you to do crimes and get away with it. The police try to catch him but he can get away with whatever it is he does. When children get old enough they might try to steal cars, run people over, and beat up people and cops for no reason. The children might not know in real life they will get caught. They cannot hide from the cops. Grand Theft Auto can make children more aggressive, more violent at school and at home. Children can also talk on these games to other children or even adults online. They can hear cussing and talk about other things not needed for this game. Video Games can make children socially isolated, doing less homework, less hanging out with friends, can make children obese, less exercise, less going out, and less spending time with family. Interest children in different activities: soccer, football, baseball, tennis, volleyball. These sports would be a good exercise so the children will not be obese, just sitting in front of the television playing games. Encourage your child to get involved in other outdoor activities with other children in the neighborhood such as bike riding, or just childhood games outside can help tag, hid and seek or at a YMCA swimming, basketball. Get the child to play with his toys for a few hours out of the day. Go to the park for a day have a picnic, go hiking and go sightseeing. By telling Child to go outside and playing a sport or get involved in child activities will get them away from the video games. Tell the child to go bike riding around the block and get their mind off of wanting to play Grand Theft Auto would be better than them thinking of steal cars and beating up people. Another negative cultural influence is television. It has television shows children should not be watching, not much learning. Television is not always great it has a few channels that are learning channels but most are not teaching children anything. Some channels like Disney or nickelodeon have some learning shows but that is only in the early morning or way late at night and only for children that are in the younger ages. Cartoon network changes to adult swim after a certain hour. Children should not be watching these shows to name a few Family Guy, American Dad, and Robot Chicken. Family Guy has a talking dog, lots of cussing and is violent and also has sexual content. Robot Chicken is a show that does some parodies of other shows with cussing and violence as well. Children like to always watch television, but it is not educating children and is a waste of time for them when they can be doing other educated activities. Getting children educated is a better idea than watching television they will need to be educated for school. So having them read chapter books or read other books or magazines for a while will get them away from the television. Have children write a story or a few sentences to a paragraph depending on how old they are about what they have read or would want to read or learn about. Have children go outside and start a garden, plant vegetables and fruit. Learn how to grow a garden to pick fruit and vegetables when they are ready to be eaten. Children can always stay inside and play a board game there are a few games to play monopoly, trouble, and cards are really fun games. Boggle and scrabble would be also good to use their brains.

Management Leadership :: essays research papers

Management and Leadership In today’s business, there is the need of having people to lead and manage due to the them growing rapidly. For that, reason organizations are hiring leaders and managers to help them run their businesses. Many would think that management and leadership are synonymous to each other but they are not. The two are related, but their functions are different. Below I will differentiate their roles and responsibilities in maintaining a healthy environment in an organization. In addition, I will give recommendations to create and maintain a healthy organizational culture. Management and leadership are both important in an organization, but they seek two different things. Managers focus on managing the work that needs to be done by putting their employees to help them accomplish the objectives while leaders focus on leading people to the companies vision. Management also focuses on the short-term events, they ensure that the resources are used and improvement is made within time frames of days, weeks and months. Leaders, in the other hand deals with uncertainly, they focused on long term events such as policies and procedures. Managers empowers (not only delegate) staff and develops them for advancement. Managers has to seek feedback and listen, they have too build visions and missions with their staff. Managers has to respond promptly to staff and manager has to manage creatively and to demonstrate good examples to the staff It is important to manage the organization culture and to know the weaknesses. The goal of the organization should not only emphasize on being profitable but also to be an enjoyable place to work in. The most important assets in any organization is its employees, and nothing affects the day to day lives of the employees more than the culture in which they work. Because of poor culture can result in bad work life experience for employees, which in turn will result in higher turnover. Making the cost of retraining people in key positions, and the brain drain that comes because the new person doesn’t know quite as much as the one who left. The culture of the organization needs to be enjoyable. Management Leadership :: essays research papers Management and Leadership In today’s business, there is the need of having people to lead and manage due to the them growing rapidly. For that, reason organizations are hiring leaders and managers to help them run their businesses. Many would think that management and leadership are synonymous to each other but they are not. The two are related, but their functions are different. Below I will differentiate their roles and responsibilities in maintaining a healthy environment in an organization. In addition, I will give recommendations to create and maintain a healthy organizational culture. Management and leadership are both important in an organization, but they seek two different things. Managers focus on managing the work that needs to be done by putting their employees to help them accomplish the objectives while leaders focus on leading people to the companies vision. Management also focuses on the short-term events, they ensure that the resources are used and improvement is made within time frames of days, weeks and months. Leaders, in the other hand deals with uncertainly, they focused on long term events such as policies and procedures. Managers empowers (not only delegate) staff and develops them for advancement. Managers has to seek feedback and listen, they have too build visions and missions with their staff. Managers has to respond promptly to staff and manager has to manage creatively and to demonstrate good examples to the staff It is important to manage the organization culture and to know the weaknesses. The goal of the organization should not only emphasize on being profitable but also to be an enjoyable place to work in. The most important assets in any organization is its employees, and nothing affects the day to day lives of the employees more than the culture in which they work. Because of poor culture can result in bad work life experience for employees, which in turn will result in higher turnover. Making the cost of retraining people in key positions, and the brain drain that comes because the new person doesn’t know quite as much as the one who left. The culture of the organization needs to be enjoyable.

A Persistant Lichen Sclerosus Case Health And Social Care Essay

Lichen sclerosus is a lymphocyte-mediated chronic inflammatory dermatitis that most normally involves the anogenital country. Treatment options include topical corticoids, tacrolismus, C dioxide optical maser extirpation and eventually vulvectomy as surgical attack. The aim of this survey is to describe a stubborn anogenital LS topic and depict the usage of V-Y promotion flap for the Reconstruction of the perineal defect after vulvectomy. Case: A relentless LS instance who was treated succesfully with surgery is reported and literature is reviewed. The patient had good tolerated the surgical process with satisfactory decorative consequences.Decision:A multidisciplinary squad work would be ideal in the direction of relentless LS instances. Surgical intervention of LS should be reserved as a last resort for patients who were furnace lining to other medical options and in the instance of a surgical effort recontruction of the vulva should be good known. Cardinal words: Lichen sclerosus, Vulvectomy, Vulvar Reconstruction..Introduction:Lichen sclerosus ( LS ) is a benign, chronic tegument disease that most normally occures in the anogenital epithelial tissue ( 1 ) . It affects both gender and kids particularly adult females in postmenopausal ages. Although the exact aetiology is still unknown, there is a strong association between LS and autoimmune upsets such as ; alopecia areata, vitiligo, thyroid upsets and diabetes mellitus ( 2 ) . Besides the autoimmune diseases in association with HLA category II antigens, hormonal factors, infective causes, and familial influence have besides been associated with LS ( 1 ) . Authoritative LS is characterized by pronounced redness, epithelial cutting and typical cuticular alterations with an visual aspect of all right â€Å" coffin nail paper † -like pursing accompanied by symptoms of pruritus, dyspareunia and dysuria ( 3,4 ) . A considerable figure of patients ( 33 % ) are symptomless but have the clinical marks of LS on physical scrutiny. The diagnosing of LS is based upon the presence of characteristic clinical manifestations, ideally with histological verification obtained from a vulvar clout biopsy. A hold in the diagnosing may originate, due to the patients ‘ embarrassment and/or reluctance of the doctor to to the full measure the symptoms every bit good as strangeness with the disease ( 5 ) . The optimum direction of LS could be achieved with a multidisciplinary attack. Surgical intervention is preferred in the instance of a post-inflammatory sequelae, phimosis or in a malignant province. Although the presence of vulval cicatrixs or the features of the defect will restrict our surgical preferance there are many surgical options proposed for the perineal Reconstruction, including local musculus and fasciocutaneous tegument flaps ( 6,7,8 ) . We are depicting a persistant lichen induration instance who was treated surgically and recontructed with V-Y promotion vulvar flaps.Case study:A 49 twelvemonth old Caucasian adult female married for 30 old ages G3, P2, A1 enduring from vulvadynia because of relentless vulvar LS for 16 old ages, admitted to our clinic. She has been having medicine with carbamezepine for ungratified leg syndrome for six old ages. She had two cesarean subdivisions and three lumbar phonograph record hernia operations in which an internal fixator was placed to the lumbar vertebras. She used to hold local cortisol, estrogen and testosterone therapies since she received her initial diagnosing. She has had vulvar alcohol injection one time and vulvar betametasone, lidocain injections and phototherapy several times. Her history revealed a vulval denervation operation to the pudental nervus with the diagnosing of vulvadynia. Furthermore she had three times simple vulvectomy and vulval Reconstruction operations. These intervention modes failed to relieve her symptoms, and sclerosing alterations of vulvar country which extends to posterior, affecting the perineum and anus. The singular findings in her pelvic scrutiny were the hyperkerotic lichen plaques spread to anus, vaginal orifis and periclitoral country ( Figure 1a ) . We observed the vaginal orifis as narrow shaped and labia majora – minora were absent. Hyperkeratotic scars were noticable on her mons pubis due to her old surgical operations and lichen plaques. In her speculum scrutiny, vagina and neck were normal in form and uterus – bilateral ovaries were normal by transvaginal ultrasound and no malignant cells were reported in her pablum smear trial. Histopathological diagnosing of the topic was confirmed with two antecedently performed consecutive vulvar biopsies that revealed characteristic cuticular wasting and cuticular hyalinisation ( homogenisation of the collagen in the upper corium ) . Our patient had relentless and worsening symptoms and we decided to execute simple vulvectomy and V-Y promotion flap for the Reconstruction of vulvar defect ( Figure 1a ) and obtained informed consent consequently. Briefly ; urinary catheterisation was needed to forestall urethral hurt and to supply plenty wound hygiene after surgery. After vulvectomy ( Figure 1b ) , we performed V form scratchs bilaterally widening to median part of the thigh without any complication ( Figure 1c ) . The scratchs were profoundly performed until the superficial genital facia to travel the flaps freely and punctilious haemostasis was done. The mobility of the cutaneal flaps are tested. Following the release of the flap, this extra block of hypodermic tissue is folded into the defect. The sidelong transverse defect which was formed when the island flap moved medially is closed horizontally, therefore giving the concluding cicatrix a horizontal â€Å" Y † form. We aproximated the hypodermic tissue with 2/0 polyglactin 910 [ Ethicon, Edinburgh, UK ] . The tegument was closed by interrupted 3/0 polyglactin 910 [ Ethicon, Edinburgh, UK ] suturas ( Figure 1d ) . We repaired the round defect above the vaginal orifis with free rotary motion flap. No drains were placed. Postoperative closing of vulvar defect was seen perfect in form. She was hospitalized for the undermentioned two yearss ( Figure 2a ) and uretral catheterisation was removed on her 2nd twenty-four hours. All the critical marks of the patient were usual without any wound infection or haematoma in the closing. In the early postoperative period, the healing of vulva was uneventful and completed after three hebdomads ( Figure 2b ) .Discussion:A assortment of names and descriptions have been used for the disease that is presently named lichen sclerosus. In 1887, Hallopeau was the first to depict the histological characteristics of the disease ( 9 ) . LS occurs at all ages but non in newborns and is rare in the first twel vemonth of life. The disease has a bimodal extremum incidence in prepubescent misss and menopausal adult females. In a survey the prevalence of lichen sclerosus in childhood was found to be 1:900. The bulk of patients consists of adult females aged between 50-70 old ages, while 5-15 % of the LS topics were kids. Lifelong surveillance of all adult females with LS is considered indispensable because of the hazard of malignant patterned advance, ( 10 ) . Although adult females with vulval LS are at increased hazard of developing invasive squamous cell malignant neoplastic disease ( SCC ) of the vulva ( 4 ) , the estimated hazard is to be less than 5 % ( 11 ) . No grounds exists that regular check-ups cut down the hazard of malignant patterned advance. Nevertheless, patients with vulval LS should be examined at least annually and localized, relentless, nonresolving lesions should be biopsied ( 4 ) . In contrast to vulvar LS extragenital LS lesions are non associated with an increased hazard of malignance ( 9,12 ) . There is non a universally recognized direction scheme for adult females with LS. It normally provides diagnostic alleviation, without needfully rectifying the implicit in upset. The intervention of LS consists of instruction and support, behavioural alteration to keep good perineal hygiene and turning away of any local thorns, medicine and surgery. Assorted conservative curative options such as, topical testosterone, topical Lipo-Lutin, topical corticoids, estrogens, retinoic acid, retinoids, vitamin A, chloroquine and a short class of systemic corticoids are wholly accepted as intervention options ( 13 ) . All published studies on the direction of LS indicate centrist to strong topical steroids as the intervention option of pick ( 12,14,15 ) . Mild to chair authority topical corticoids are besides normally used for intervention of grownup vulvar LS ( 3 ) . Recently, ace potent topical steroids were found to be an effectual intervention for this job with both short- ( 16 ) and long-run ( 17 ) efficaciousness. Topical steroid therapy is non without complications, including the possibility of wasting, contact sensitisation, tegument alterations, and secondary infection. Although there are no good studied therapies in adult females who failed to react to corticoids, Lipo-Lutin, testosterone, retinoids, topical immune system modulating agents ( tacrolismus, pimecrolimus ) and cyclosporine has been used in some randomised tests ( 4 ) . Small randomized tests showed that Lipo-Lutin and testosterone picks are less effectual than corticoids ( clobetasol ) with more side effects ( 18 ) . Treatment with an unwritten retinoid ( acitretin ) was found to be effectual in one randomised test ( 19 ) . Successful interventions with tacrolimus oinment was reported ( 20 ) but frequently discontinued due to Burnss on application sites. As presented in our instance furnace lining instances have been treated with intradermic intoxicant injections with variable consequences ( 21 ) . Another concern must be the physicological jobs that may look ( i.e. narcotic maltreatment ) in relentless LS topics due to chronic vulvar hurting. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists suggests one-year scrutinies for patients whose LS is good controlled and more frequent visits for those with ill controlled disease ( 15 ) . Surgery does non hold a cardinal function in the intervention scheme of LS and could be considered as a last resort to handle complications secondary to the LS ( 22,23 ) . Surgical intercession in LS should non be aimed at taking the disease but at deciding complications of the disease: to let go of a inhumed button, to divide fused labia, or to widen a narrowed introitus in instance of ailments about clitoric symptoms ( hurting or sexual clitoric disfunction ) ( 22 ) . Its usage is limited since scars and contractures may look after surgery. However, if surgery is the preferable intervention mode, it is of import to cognize how to retrace the vulva. Patients wish to go on their sexual life every bit shortly as possible. V-Y promotion flap is an effectual method for Reconstruction of the perineal part. This technique will supply better blood supply and nervus esthesis and will let the expanding of the vaginal orifis. The principle behind the surgical therapy is chiefly to handle those patients who did non or react ill to medical intervention and secondly to forestall the development of invasive carcinoma of the vulva ( 23 ) . Our patient had a long medical history about LS in which she had received several local therapies, phototherapy, surgical efforts and systemic medicines for 16 old ages. All intervention modes were discussed with the household and the concluding determination of the patient was surgery due to her exhaustion and better decorative outlook. Consequently, surgical intercession must be deferred until LS has been controlled with medicine or should be reserved for pull offing postinflammatory sequelae. If an excisional process ( i.e. vulvectomy ) is the preferable intervention mode, Reconstruction of the vulvar defect with V-Y promotion flap seems to be an applicable and extremely effectual surgical technique with its good decorative consequences and rapid healing after surgery.LegendsFigure 1: Pre and intraoperative images of vulvar lichen sclerosus patient. 1a ; hyperkerotic lichen plaques spread to anus, vaginal orifis and periclitoral country, 1b ; vulvectomy was performed, 1c ; V form scratchs bilaterally widening to median part of the thigh, 1d. closing of the tegument, giving the concluding cicatrix a horizontal â€Å" Y † form. Figure 2: Postoperative images of vulvar lichen sclerosus patient. 2a ; station operative 2nd twenty-four hours, 2b ; completed vulvar mending three hebdomads subsequently.